CoinsAreFun
US Coins, World Coins, and More => World and Ancient Coins, Conder tokens and medals => Topic started by: walmann on November 30, 2009, 02:13:17 PM
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Any collectors of Russian coins and tokens have any specimens of the 1705 Beard Token?
Both interested and curious regarding this token, which indicated the person had paid their beard tax and hence did not need be clean shaven.
Haven't been able to locate any being offered for sale.
(http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/numismatics/russianc/beardorb.jpg)
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Interesting! What did the Rabbis do??
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A little information on the tax, it was progressive in nature:
Beards, in some instances, were taxed in bygone England, but not to the same extent as in Russia, which had numerous singular laws in force for nearly sixty years. In nearly all parts of Europe, by the commencement of the eighteenth century, the custom of wearing beards had been given up. Peter the Great was wishful that his subjects should conform to the prevailing fashion. In 1705 he imposed a tax upon all those who wore either a beard or a moustache, varying from thirty to one hundred roubles per annum. It was fixed according to the rank of the taxpayer. A peasant, for instance, was only required to pay two dengops, equal to one copeck, whenever he passed through the gate of a town. This tax gave rise to much discontent, and in enforcing it [Page_57] the utmost vigilance had to be exercised to prevent an outbreak in the country. Notwithstanding this, the law was, in 1714, put into operation in St Petersburg, which had previously been exempt. In 1722 it was ordered that all who retained their beards should wear a particular dress and pay fifty roubles annually. If a man would not shave, and was unable to pay, he was sentenced to hard labour. This law was extended to the provinces, but in 1723 peasants bringing produce into towns were wholly relieved from this tax. Peter passed away in 1725, and Catherine I. confirmed all the edicts relating to the beard in the ukase dated 4th August 1726.
A decree was issued by Peter II. in 1728 permitting peasants employed in agriculture to wear their beards. Fifty roubles had to be paid by all other persons, and the tax was rigidly enforced. The Empress Anne took a firm attitude against the beard. In 1731 she promulgated a ukase by which all persons not engaged in husbandry retaining their beards were entered in the class of Raskolnicks, in addition to paying the beard tax of fifty roubles, double the amount of all other taxes.
In 1743 the Empress Elizabeth confirmed the existing decrees in all their force. Peter III., on his accession to the throne in 1762, intended to strengthen the laws of his predecessors, and prepared some stringent measures; but his [Page_58] sudden death prevented them from being put into force. His widow, Catherine II. (1762), did not share his feelings in this matter, and immediately on obtaining sovereign power she removed every restriction relating to the beard. She invited the Raskolnicks, who had fled from the country to avoid the objectionable edicts, to return, and assigned land to them for their settlement.
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Thanks for posting the photo of this. I knew about the tax, but had never seen the token until now. Again thanks for posting this.
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Unfamiliar territory for me but that is a sharp specimen.
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Nice token 'walmann'. I don't have any of these in my collection, but it certainly is interesting. Thanks for sharing.
~Daniel.
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Unfamiliar but interesting. I like the reading of it.
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That's just cool, and SO wrong !!(the beard tax) ;D
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Walmann,
These are extremely rare pieces of exonumia.
The Czars were pretty autocratic in their administration.
Does anyone know what the Cyrillic inscriptions transliterate to,& what it means?
Aidan.
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That's just cool, and SO wrong !!(the beard tax) ;D
True that. Unfortunately most monarchs were absolute at the time, so if they wanted to squeeze you for money, they could. In short, it was their world, we just existed in it.
~Daniel
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I believe I picked up somewhere that men who wore beards were forced to actually wear these IN their beard, for everyone to see and know they had paid the tax.
I could be wrong on that, however.
I am glad those laws do not exist now, as I have had a beard since I was in the 7th grade.
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The beard tax was aimed primarily at the Boyars, the aristocrats of Russia. In some form or another regulations against beards lasted until the 1860s. One common misconception is that everybody was forbidden from wearing a beard, this is not true. If you were a peasant, the great majority of the population, you were exempt. Obviously things had relaxed after the 1860s because the last two Tsars, Aleksandr III and Nikolai II had beards.